Absolute value equations (AVEs), characterised by the inclusion of absolute value functions in the variables, present inherently non‐smooth and computationally challenging problems that are often ...

A translation is a movement of the graph either horizontally parallel to the \(x\)-axis or vertically parallel to the \(y\)-axis. The graph of \(f(x) = x^2\) is the same as the graph of \(y = x^2\).